Administrative Prejudice in Criminal Liability for Forced Labor: International Standards and Comparative Legal Analysis

Akhmedov, Abdulatif, Ахмедов, Абдулатиф, Ahmedov, Abdulatif

Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations · 2026-yil

Annotatsiya

The aim of this study is to assess the administrative prejudice mechanism established in Article 148² of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan against the criteria of international labor standards and the legislation of foreign countries, and to develop substantiated proposals for its improvement. The study employs comparative legal, formal legal, systemic-structural, and statistical methods of analysis. The empirical basis comprises reporting data from the Ministry of Employment and Poverty Reduction for 2021–2025, international monitoring documents, and the criminal and labor legislation of 103 states that have ratified conventions against forced labor. The findings show that 54 states (52.4%) provide for a separate criminal offense of forced labor, distinct from human trafficking, while in 49 states (47.6%) the conduct is prosecuted under provisions on human trafficking or slavery. In none of the jurisdictions examined, however, is criminal liability conditional upon the prior imposition of an administrative penalty. Three independent international monitoring sources confirm that the provision is not applied in practice. The author proposes defining the offense on the basis of the substance of the conduct itself—namely, the subjugation of a person’s will—and establishing the large-scale nature of the conduct as a qualifying (aggravating) circumstance.

Maqola ma’lumotlari
MualliflarAkhmedov, Abdulatif, Ахмедов, Абдулатиф, Ahmedov, Abdulatif
JurnalЖамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations
NashriyotIn Science МЧЖ
ISSN2181-1415
Nashr sanasi2026-07-25
Jild7
Son4
Betlar221-231
TilIngliz
Ilmiy sohaYuridik
DOI10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss4-pp221-231
Indeksga qo‘shilgan2026-08-26

DOI: 10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss4-pp221-231 · Maqolaning asl sahifasi

Kalit so‘zlar

статья 148² УК Республики Узбекистан, Конвенция № 29, состав преступления, квалифицирующий признак, права потерпевших, имплементация, Article 148² of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Convention No. 29, elements of a criminal offense, qualifying circumstance, victims’ rights, implementation, Jinoyat kodeksining 148²-moddasi, 29-sonli Konvensiya, jinoyat tarkibi, malakalovchi belgi, jabrlanuvchilar huquqlari, implementatsiya

Ilmiy soha

Yuridik

Iqtibos keltirish

APAAkhmedov, Abdulatif, Ахмедов, Абдулатиф, & Ahmedov, Abdulatif (2026). Administrative Prejudice in Criminal Liability for Forced Labor: International Standards and Comparative Legal Analysis. Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(4), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss4-pp221-231
GOST (OAK)Akhmedov, Abdulatif, Ахмедов, Абдулатиф, Ahmedov, Abdulatif Administrative Prejudice in Criminal Liability for Forced Labor: International Standards and Comparative Legal Analysis // Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations. – 2026. – T. 7, № 4. – P. 221-231. – DOI: 10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss4-pp221-231.
MLAAkhmedov, Abdulatif, Ахмедов, Абдулатиф, and Ahmedov, Abdulatif. “Administrative Prejudice in Criminal Liability for Forced Labor: International Standards and Comparative Legal Analysis.” Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(4), 221-231, 2026. https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss4-pp221-231
ChicagoAkhmedov, Abdulatif, Ахмедов, Абдулатиф, and Ahmedov, Abdulatif. “Administrative Prejudice in Criminal Liability for Forced Labor: International Standards and Comparative Legal Analysis.” Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(4), 221-231 (2026). https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss4-pp221-231
HarvardAkhmedov, Abdulatif, Ахмедов, Абдулатиф, and Ahmedov, Abdulatif (2026) ‘Administrative Prejudice in Criminal Liability for Forced Labor: International Standards and Comparative Legal Analysis’, Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(4), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss4-pp221-231
BibTeX
@article{akhmedovabdulatif2026,
  title = {Administrative Prejudice in Criminal Liability for Forced Labor: International Standards and Comparative Legal Analysis},
  author = {Akhmedov, Abdulatif and Ахмедов, Абдулатиф and Ahmedov, Abdulatif},
  journal = {Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {221-231},
  doi = {10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss4-pp221-231},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss4-pp221-231}
}

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