Burden and Standard of Proof in International Commercial Arbitration: International Approaches and Implications for Legislative Reform in Uzbekistan

Elmurodova, Kumush, Элмуродова, Кумуш, Elmurodova, Kumush

Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations · 2026-yil

Annotatsiya

This article examines the relationship between the burden of proof and the standard of proof in international arbitration, the procedural dynamics of the burden of producing evidence, and the arbitral tribunal’s discretion in evidentiary matters. Drawing on doctrinal legal analysis, comparative legal analysis, and an examination of arbitral practice, the study compares the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, the IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration (2020), the ICSID Arbitration Rules (2022), the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On International Commercial Arbitration,” and the approaches adopted in the AAPL, EDF, Libananco, Rompetrol, and Metal-Tech cases. The study establishes that the ultimate risk of a fact remaining unproven and the obligation to produce particular evidence are distinct legal concepts; that a procedural shift in the burden of producing evidence does not automatically entail a shift in the ultimate burden of proof; that reliance on circumstantial evidence does not constitute a lowering of the standard of proof; and that international arbitral practice has not developed a single, universally applicable heightened standard of proof for serious misconduct. For Uzbekistan’s legal framework, the article proposes a two-tier model based on clearly defining the initial burden of proof, preserving the arbitral tribunal’s procedural discretion, and ensuring that any evidentiary approach having a decisive impact on the outcome of a case is applied in a manner that is foreseeable to the parties and adequately reasoned in the arbitral award.

Maqola ma’lumotlari
MualliflarElmurodova, Kumush, Элмуродова, Кумуш, Elmurodova, Kumush
JurnalЖамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations
NashriyotIn Science МЧЖ
ISSN2181-1415
Nashr sanasi2026-09-25
Jild7
Son9/S
Betlar535-543
TilIngliz
Ilmiy sohaYuridik
DOI10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp535-543
Indeksga qo‘shilgan2026-10-13

DOI: 10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp535-543 · Maqolaning asl sahifasi

Kalit so‘zlar

международный коммерческий арбитраж, бремя доказывания, стандарт доказывания, prima facie, косвенные доказательства, adverse inference, international commercial arbitration, burden of proof, standard of proof, prima facie, circumstantial evidence, adverse inference, xalqaro tijorat arbitraji, isbot yuki, isbot standarti, prima facie, bilvosita dalillar, adverse inference

Ilmiy soha

Yuridik

Iqtibos keltirish

APAElmurodova, Kumush, Элмуродова, Кумуш, & Elmurodova, Kumush (2026). Burden and Standard of Proof in International Commercial Arbitration: International Approaches and Implications for Legislative Reform in Uzbekistan. Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(9/S), 535-543. https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp535-543
GOST (OAK)Elmurodova, Kumush, Элмуродова, Кумуш, Elmurodova, Kumush Burden and Standard of Proof in International Commercial Arbitration: International Approaches and Implications for Legislative Reform in Uzbekistan // Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations. – 2026. – T. 7, № 9/S. – P. 535-543. – DOI: 10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp535-543.
MLAElmurodova, Kumush, Элмуродова, Кумуш, and Elmurodova, Kumush. “Burden and Standard of Proof in International Commercial Arbitration: International Approaches and Implications for Legislative Reform in Uzbekistan.” Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(9/S), 535-543, 2026. https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp535-543
ChicagoElmurodova, Kumush, Элмуродова, Кумуш, and Elmurodova, Kumush. “Burden and Standard of Proof in International Commercial Arbitration: International Approaches and Implications for Legislative Reform in Uzbekistan.” Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(9/S), 535-543 (2026). https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp535-543
HarvardElmurodova, Kumush, Элмуродова, Кумуш, and Elmurodova, Kumush (2026) ‘Burden and Standard of Proof in International Commercial Arbitration: International Approaches and Implications for Legislative Reform in Uzbekistan’, Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(9/S), 535-543. https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp535-543
BibTeX
@article{elmurodovakumush2026,
  title = {Burden and Standard of Proof in International Commercial Arbitration: International Approaches and Implications for Legislative Reform in Uzbekistan},
  author = {Elmurodova, Kumush and Элмуродова, Кумуш and Elmurodova, Kumush},
  journal = {Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {7},
  number = {9/S},
  pages = {535-543},
  doi = {10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp535-543},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp535-543}
}

Boshqa maqola uchun iqtibos tayyorlash

Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations jurnalidan boshqa maqolalar

Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations — barcha maqolalar · 2026-yil arxivi

Yuridik sohasidagi boshqa maqolalar

Yuridik sohasidagi OAK jurnallari