Land and Water Relations in the Emirate of Bukhara: Based on Observations from A. K. Butenev’s Expedition (First Half of the 19th Century)

Nurov, Arslonbek, Нуров, Арслонбек, Nurov, Arslonbek

Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations · 2026-yil

Annotatsiya

This article examines observations recorded during the Russian diplomatic expedition to the Emirate of Bukhara in 1841–1842, led by A. K. Butenev. Drawing primarily on the works of A. Lehmann and N. V. Khanykov, the study explores key aspects of land tenure, taxation, agriculture, and the sociopolitical structure of the Emirate of Bukhara in the first half of the nineteenth century. The research classifies landholdings according to their legal status, including mulk (tax-exempt private land), mulki kharaj (taxable private land), amlak (state-owned land), waqf (religious endowments), and tanho (temporarily granted land), as well as lands belonging to religious authorities and sacred sites. It also examines various forms of taxation, including payments in kind, monetary taxes, and kharaj, an Islamic land tax. Particular attention is paid to irrigation systems and associated labor obligations, irregularities in tax collection, and the local monetary system, which included tilla (gold), tanga (silver), and miri (copper) coins. Based on historical sources, the article highlights the complex economic structure of the Emirate of Bukhara, the religious and legal foundations of land tenure, and the decentralized nature of its fiscal administration.

Maqola ma’lumotlari
MualliflarNurov, Arslonbek, Нуров, Арслонбек, Nurov, Arslonbek
JurnalЖамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations
NashriyotIn Science МЧЖ
ISSN2181-1415
Nashr sanasi2026-09-25
Jild7
Son9/S
Betlar526-534
TilIngliz
DOI10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp526-534
Indeksga qo‘shilgan2026-10-13

DOI: 10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp526-534 · Maqolaning asl sahifasi

Kalit so‘zlar

Бухарский эмират, землевладение, налоговая система, ушр, харадж, мульк, вакф, амляк, танхa, экспедиция А.К. Бутенева, А. Леман, Н.В. Ханыков, Emirate of Bukhara, land tenure, taxation system, ushr, kharaj, mulk, waqf, amlak, tanho, A.K. Butenev expedition, A. Lehmann, N.V. Khanykov, Buxoro amirligi, yer egaligi, soliq tizimi, ushr, xiroj, mulk, vaqf, amlak, tanho, A.K. Butenev ekspeditsiyasi, A. Leman, N.V. Xanikov

Iqtibos keltirish

APANurov, Arslonbek, Нуров, Арслонбек, & Nurov, Arslonbek (2026). Land and Water Relations in the Emirate of Bukhara: Based on Observations from A. K. Butenev’s Expedition (First Half of the 19th Century). Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(9/S), 526-534. https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp526-534
GOST (OAK)Nurov, Arslonbek, Нуров, Арслонбек, Nurov, Arslonbek Land and Water Relations in the Emirate of Bukhara: Based on Observations from A. K. Butenev’s Expedition (First Half of the 19th Century) // Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations. – 2026. – T. 7, № 9/S. – P. 526-534. – DOI: 10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp526-534.
MLANurov, Arslonbek, Нуров, Арслонбек, and Nurov, Arslonbek. “Land and Water Relations in the Emirate of Bukhara: Based on Observations from A. K. Butenev’s Expedition (First Half of the 19th Century).” Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(9/S), 526-534, 2026. https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp526-534
ChicagoNurov, Arslonbek, Нуров, Арслонбек, and Nurov, Arslonbek. “Land and Water Relations in the Emirate of Bukhara: Based on Observations from A. K. Butenev’s Expedition (First Half of the 19th Century).” Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(9/S), 526-534 (2026). https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp526-534
HarvardNurov, Arslonbek, Нуров, Арслонбек, and Nurov, Arslonbek (2026) ‘Land and Water Relations in the Emirate of Bukhara: Based on Observations from A. K. Butenev’s Expedition (First Half of the 19th Century)’, Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations, 7(9/S), 526-534. https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp526-534
BibTeX
@article{nurovarslonbek2026,
  title = {Land and Water Relations in the Emirate of Bukhara: Based on Observations from A. K. Butenev’s Expedition (First Half of the 19th Century)},
  author = {Nurov, Arslonbek and Нуров, Арслонбек and Nurov, Arslonbek},
  journal = {Жамият ва инновациялар / Общество и инновации / Society and innovations},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {7},
  number = {9/S},
  pages = {526-534},
  doi = {10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp526-534},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol7-iss9/s-pp526-534}
}

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