The legal and social status of women in bactrian documents (4TH–8TH centuries)

Салаев Муминжон Атабаевич

Ўтмишга назар журнали / Журнал взгляд в прошлое /Journal of Look to the Past · 2026-yil

Annotatsiya

The article examines the legal and social status of women in early medieval Turan, focusing on its southern lands of Bactria and Tokharistan, on the basis of the Bactrian documents edited by Nicholas Sims-Williams. It abandons the Iranological habit of treating Bactria as a periphery of Eastern Iran or a mere continuation of Sasanian culture, and interprets the region as an integral part of a unified Turanian legal and cultural space bound to Transoxiana, Sogdiana and the nomadic Turkic world. Through an analysis of marriage contracts, administrative and legal letters, documents of protection and pardon, and seal iconography, the author demonstrates that women were recognised as legal persons who could hold rights, act as witnesses, own property including slaves, and exercise authority within the household. This status, however, was not absolute but graded according to social condition, rank and marital state. The Bactrian evidence is read first within its indigenous Turanian tradition, then compared with the Sogdian marriage contract and the Turkic institution of the xatun, while Sasanian law serves only as an external contrasting background.

Maqola ma’lumotlari
MualliflarСалаев Муминжон Атабаевич
JurnalЎтмишга назар журнали / Журнал взгляд в прошлое /Journal of Look to the Past
NashriyotЎзбекистон Миллий университети
ISSN2181-9599
Nashr sanasi2026-08-22
Jild9
Son8
TilIngliz
Ilmiy sohaTarix
Indeksga qo‘shilgan2026-08-27

Maqolaning asl sahifasi

Kalit so‘zlar

Туран, Бактрия, Тохаристан, раннее средневековье, бактрийские документы, история женщин, правовое лицо, брачный договор, βανο (бано), хатун, рабыня, братская полиандрия, домохозяйство, статус женщины, Центральная Азия, Turan, Bactria, Tokharistan, early Middle Ages, Bactrian documents, history of women, legal person, marriage contract, βανο (bano), xatun, slave-girl, fraternal polyandry, household, status of women, Central Asia., Turon, Baqtriya, Toxariston, ilk oʻrta asrlar, baqtriy hujjatlar, ayol tarixi, huquqiy shaxs, nikoh shartnomasi, βανο (bano), xatun, choʻri, birodarlik koʻp erliligi, xonadon, ayol maqomi, Markaziy Osiyo

Ilmiy soha

Tarix

Iqtibos keltirish

APAСалаев Муминжон Атабаевич (2026). THE LEGAL AND SOCIAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN BACTRIAN DOCUMENTS (4TH–8TH CENTURIES). Ўтмишга назар журнали / Журнал взгляд в прошлое /Journal of Look to the Past, 9(8). https://tadqiqot.uz/index.php/history/article/view/14839
GOST (OAK)Салаев Муминжон Атабаевич THE LEGAL AND SOCIAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN BACTRIAN DOCUMENTS (4TH–8TH CENTURIES) // Ўтмишга назар журнали / Журнал взгляд в прошлое /Journal of Look to the Past. – 2026. – T. 9, № 8.
MLAСалаев Муминжон Атабаевич. “THE LEGAL AND SOCIAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN BACTRIAN DOCUMENTS (4TH–8TH CENTURIES).” Ўтмишга назар журнали / Журнал взгляд в прошлое /Journal of Look to the Past, 9(8), 2026. https://tadqiqot.uz/index.php/history/article/view/14839
ChicagoСалаев Муминжон Атабаевич. “THE LEGAL AND SOCIAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN BACTRIAN DOCUMENTS (4TH–8TH CENTURIES).” Ўтмишга назар журнали / Журнал взгляд в прошлое /Journal of Look to the Past, 9(8) (2026). https://tadqiqot.uz/index.php/history/article/view/14839
HarvardСалаев Муминжон Атабаевич (2026) ‘THE LEGAL AND SOCIAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN BACTRIAN DOCUMENTS (4TH–8TH CENTURIES)’, Ўтмишга назар журнали / Журнал взгляд в прошлое /Journal of Look to the Past, 9(8). https://tadqiqot.uz/index.php/history/article/view/14839
BibTeX
@article{article2026,
  title = {THE LEGAL AND SOCIAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN BACTRIAN DOCUMENTS (4TH–8TH CENTURIES)},
  author = {Салаев Муминжон Атабаевич},
  journal = {Ўтмишга назар журнали / Журнал взгляд в прошлое /Journal of Look to the Past},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {9},
  number = {8},
  url = {https://tadqiqot.uz/index.php/history/article/view/14839}
}

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