A three-level ESG indicator system for tourism: micro, regional and macro-economic dimensions

Maxmudova, Nodira

Иқтисодиёт ва туризм · 2026-yil

Annotatsiya

Tourism remains one of the world's fastest-growing economic sectors, yet its environmentalfootprint and governance deficits remain insufficiently measured and managed. This articleaddresses a persistent gap in the sustainability literature: the absence of a comprehensive, multilevel ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) indicator system specifically calibrated fortourism in developing economies. Drawing on stratified field research covering 45 hotels acrossfour Uzbek UNESCO World Heritage cities (Bukhara 14, Samarkand 12, Tashkent 11, Khiva 8),a survey of 247 international and domestic tourists, and 18 expert interviews conducted via theDelphi method, a three-level indicator framework is developed and empirically validated. Microlevel baseline data from the 2024 field audit — including an average renewable energy share of11.4%, local staff ratio of 53.2%, and GSI of 67.4/100 — establish the empirical gap againstSMART-compliant target values. Regional and national baseline data (e.g., regional carbonintensity ~148 kg CO₂/tourist vs. target ≤80; national ESG tourism strategy score 42/100 vs. target≥70) quantify the development reserves at each governance level. The gender equality index forregional tourism (baseline ~0.47 vs. target ≥0.90) is identified as the largest Social componentdeficit, followed by community stakeholder participation (~8.6% vs. target ≥30%). The article'sprincipal contribution is the first complete, three-level, SMART-compliant ESG indicatortaxonomy for Uzbekistan's tourism sector with empirically grounded baseline values at each level,internationally benchmarked 2030 targets, and an actionable implementation architecture.

Maqola ma’lumotlari
MualliflarMaxmudova, Nodira
JurnalИқтисодиёт ва туризм
NashriyotБухоро давлат университети
ISSN2004-2024
Nashr sanasi2026-04-17
Jild2
Son28
TilIngliz
Ilmiy sohaIqtisodiyot
Indeksga qo‘shilgan2026-08-26

Maqolaning asl sahifasi

Kalit so‘zlar

micro-level, regional tourism

Ilmiy soha

Iqtisodiyot

Iqtibos keltirish

APAMaxmudova, Nodira (2026). A THREE-LEVEL ESG INDICATOR SYSTEM FOR TOURISM: MICRO, REGIONAL AND MACRO-ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS. Иқтисодиёт ва туризм, 2(28). https://interjournal.uz/index.php/journals/article/view/424
GOST (OAK)Maxmudova, Nodira A THREE-LEVEL ESG INDICATOR SYSTEM FOR TOURISM: MICRO, REGIONAL AND MACRO-ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS // Иқтисодиёт ва туризм. – 2026. – T. 2, № 28.
MLAMaxmudova, Nodira. “A THREE-LEVEL ESG INDICATOR SYSTEM FOR TOURISM: MICRO, REGIONAL AND MACRO-ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS.” Иқтисодиёт ва туризм, 2(28), 2026. https://interjournal.uz/index.php/journals/article/view/424
ChicagoMaxmudova, Nodira. “A THREE-LEVEL ESG INDICATOR SYSTEM FOR TOURISM: MICRO, REGIONAL AND MACRO-ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS.” Иқтисодиёт ва туризм, 2(28) (2026). https://interjournal.uz/index.php/journals/article/view/424
HarvardMaxmudova, Nodira (2026) ‘A THREE-LEVEL ESG INDICATOR SYSTEM FOR TOURISM: MICRO, REGIONAL AND MACRO-ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS’, Иқтисодиёт ва туризм, 2(28). https://interjournal.uz/index.php/journals/article/view/424
BibTeX
@article{maxmudovanodira2026,
  title = {A THREE-LEVEL ESG INDICATOR SYSTEM FOR TOURISM: MICRO, REGIONAL AND MACRO-ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS},
  author = {Maxmudova, Nodira},
  journal = {Иқтисодиёт ва туризм},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {2},
  number = {28},
  url = {https://interjournal.uz/index.php/journals/article/view/424}
}

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