This study analyzes risks associated with different instructional approaches in higher education and explores mitigation strategies. With the growth of online and hybrid delivery, it applies Fuzzy TOPSIS to evaluate and rank learning formats across five risk dimensions: technological, operational, pedagogical, regulatory (compliance), and reputational. Expert judgments are modeled as fuzzy numbers, and distances to the Fuzzy Positive Ideal Solution (FPIS) and Fuzzy Negative Ideal Solution (FNIS) are computed. Results show online learning performs best in reducing risk, particularly in technological, operational, and reputational areas. Hybrid learning is relatively balanced, while traditional face-to-face instruction faces stronger regulatory and organizational constraints.
| Mualliflar | O'rinov, Nodirbek, Noor Maizura Mohamaf Noor, Kobilova, Ozoda Valisher qizi, Abdumutalipova, Bibisora Abduvohid qizi |
|---|---|
| Jurnal | Al-Farg'oniy avlodlari |
| Nashr sanasi | 2026-03-13 |
| Son | 1 |
| Betlar | 202-213 |
| Til | Rus |
risk-based, DSS, teaching and learning, Fuzzy TOPSIS, риск-ориентированный, DSS, обучение и преподавание, Fuzzy TOPSIS, xavfga asoslangan, DSS, o‘qitish va o‘rganish, Fuzzy TOPSIS
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