Trademarks in the metaverse: virtual goods, NFTs and the “G.patton” precedent

BABAKULOV, Zafar

Юрист ахборотномаси · 2026-yil

Annotatsiya

This article analyzes the legal status of trademarks in the metaverse and the issues surrounding their protection. It examines the challenges faced by conventional trademark rights in virtual environments amid the large-scale globalization of the digital economy, virtual goods, and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT). Particular attention is paid to jurisdictional issues and to the increasing importance of the “likelihood of consumer confusion” as a key criterion for assessing the similarity between virtual and physical goods. The Hangzhou High Court case is evaluated as a significant precedent in the application of trademark law in the metaverse, demonstrating the inadequacy of the traditional model based on a strict division of goods and services into trademark classes. The Court’s approach confirms that infringement of trademark rights in virtual environments may entail legal consequences comparable to those arising from infringement in the physical marketplace. The article also substantiates the strategic importance for brand owners of legal mechanisms such as multi-class trademark registration, monitoring NFT and metaverse platforms, and improving licensing practices.

Maqola ma’lumotlari
MualliflarBABAKULOV, Zafar
JurnalЮрист ахборотномаси
NashriyotАдлия вазирлиги Юристлар МОМ
ISSN2181-9416
Nashr sanasi2026-10-29
Jild1
Son5
Betlar49-55
TilIngliz
Ilmiy sohaYuridik
Indeksga qo‘shilgan2026-10-31

Maqolaning asl sahifasi

Kalit so‘zlar

metavers, brend, NFT, virtuallik, raqamlashtirish, yurisdiksiya, huquqbuzarlik, iste’molchi, pretsedent, ro‘yxatdan o‘tkazish, monitoring, litsenziyalash., метавселенная, бренд, NFT, виртуальность, цифровизация, юрисдикция, нарушение, потребитель, прецедент, регистрация, мониторинг, лицензирование.

Ilmiy soha

Yuridik

Iqtibos keltirish

APABABAKULOV, Zafar (2026). TRADEMARKS IN THE METAVERSE: VIRTUAL GOODS, NFTs AND THE “G.PATTON” PRECEDENT. Юрист ахборотномаси, 1(5), 49-55. https://yuristjournal.uz/index.php/lawyer-herald/article/view/1304
GOST (OAK)BABAKULOV, Zafar TRADEMARKS IN THE METAVERSE: VIRTUAL GOODS, NFTs AND THE “G.PATTON” PRECEDENT // Юрист ахборотномаси. – 2026. – T. 1, № 5. – P. 49-55.
MLABABAKULOV, Zafar. “TRADEMARKS IN THE METAVERSE: VIRTUAL GOODS, NFTs AND THE “G.PATTON” PRECEDENT.” Юрист ахборотномаси, 1(5), 49-55, 2026. https://yuristjournal.uz/index.php/lawyer-herald/article/view/1304
ChicagoBABAKULOV, Zafar. “TRADEMARKS IN THE METAVERSE: VIRTUAL GOODS, NFTs AND THE “G.PATTON” PRECEDENT.” Юрист ахборотномаси, 1(5), 49-55 (2026). https://yuristjournal.uz/index.php/lawyer-herald/article/view/1304
HarvardBABAKULOV, Zafar (2026) ‘TRADEMARKS IN THE METAVERSE: VIRTUAL GOODS, NFTs AND THE “G.PATTON” PRECEDENT’, Юрист ахборотномаси, 1(5), 49-55. https://yuristjournal.uz/index.php/lawyer-herald/article/view/1304
BibTeX
@article{babakulovzafar2026,
  title = {TRADEMARKS IN THE METAVERSE: VIRTUAL GOODS, NFTs AND THE “G.PATTON” PRECEDENT},
  author = {BABAKULOV, Zafar},
  journal = {Юрист ахборотномаси},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {1},
  number = {5},
  pages = {49-55},
  url = {https://yuristjournal.uz/index.php/lawyer-herald/article/view/1304}
}

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