Metaphors represent a complex intersection of language, cognition, and culture. Unlike literal expressions, metaphors rely on conceptual mappings that emerge through shared cultural experiences and collective knowledge. Although machine translation systems have significantly improved with the rise of neural architectures and large language models, the translation of metaphorical expressions remains a major challenge. This article explores linguistic, cognitive, and cultural barriers that complicate metaphor translation, reviews the performance and limitations of current machine translation technologies, and examines possible solutions for improving metaphor-aware machine translation. The paper also proposes research directions that could strengthen cross-linguistic metaphor processing, particularly for under-resourced languages.
| Mualliflar | MATYAKUBOVA, Laylo |
|---|---|
| Jurnal | Lingvospektr |
| Nashr sanasi | 2025-12-26 |
| Jild | 12 |
| Son | 2 |
| Betlar | 163-171 |
| Til | Ingliz |
metaphor, figurative language, machine translation, neural MT, cross-cultural mapping, metaphor identification, evaluation
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