Automatic line segmentation plays a crucial role in the digitization and automatic recognition of handwrittenand historical documents. The variability of handwriting styles, curved baselines, touching characters, ink diffusion,and uneven backgrounds make this task particularly challenging. Traditional methods based on projection profiles ormorphological operations are effective for printed and well-structured texts but often fail when applied to degraded orhistorical documents. In recent years, advanced approaches based on probabilistic modeling, energy minimization, graphtheory, and deep neural networks have emerged. This study presents a detailed review and comparative analysis of twentyfiveleading line segmentation methods. The analysis encompasses language-independent probabilistic approaches,morphological hybrid models, the Mumford–Shah variational framework, and state-of-the-art deep learning architecturessuch as ARU-Net, Adaptive U-Net, Mask R-CNN, and GAN-based models. For each method, working principles,preprocessing requirements, evaluation datasets, and accuracy metrics are systematically examined. The results reveala clear evolution from rule-based and geometry-driven algorithms toward data-centric, binarization-free methods capableof processing multilingual and noisy manuscripts. Furthermore, the analysis consolidates existing research achievementsand identifies open research directions, including the integration of multimodal cues, self-supervised learning, and adaptivesegmentation strategies. Overall, this comprehensive review contributes to a systematic understanding of progress andremaining challenges in the field of handwritten text line segmentation
| Mualliflar | Mardiyev , Azamat, Allayorov , Jasur, Alisherova , Sarvinoz |
|---|---|
| Jurnal | Innovation science and technologiy |
| Nashr sanasi | 2025-10-01 |
| Jild | 1 |
| Son | 10 |
| Til | Ingliz |
| DOI | 10.5281/zenodo.17511827 |
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17511827 · Maqolaning asl sahifasi
handwritten text image, text line segmentation, projection profile, handwritten document, parchment
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