In the early medieval, the Turks emerged as a political and military force, forming a political elite that consolidated the essential components of resources and governance under their control, paving the way for the establishment of large empires. The political elite, along with the military stratum under their command, played a crucial role. They not only utilized military power but also engaged with local elites, creating a complex administrative system by actively involving the middle stratum aristocracy in resource allocation and management. This system gathered the best experiences of nomadic empires and provided the possibility of integrating local elites into the Turkic elite. During the process of building empires, the ancient Turks, firstly, assimilated some traditions and social values, forming new social realities through interactions with conquered folks. As a result, there was a significant divergence between the political elite, the middle aristocracy, and the common people. Simultaneously, positive changes occurred in the spiritual sphere, contributing to cultural development – new religions, forms of art, civilizations, writings, and writing traditions emerged. While in ancient Turkish society, writing primarily served individual, family, and ceremonial memory preservation, during the imperial period, it began to play a role in legitimization, settling in sedentary areas, aligning with settled peoples, and initiating relations based on writing in adminis- trative governance, monetary transactions, economic management, legal codification, and cultural and religious life.
| Mualliflar | Eldar Asanov |
|---|---|
| Jurnal | Ўзбекистон: тил ва маданият |
| Nashr sanasi | 2024-03-10 |
| Jild | 1 |
| Betlar | 57-76 |
| Til | en |
| DOI | 10.52773/tsuull.uzlc.2024.1/iglt2304 |
DOI: 10.52773/tsuull.uzlc.2024.1/iglt2304 · Maqolaning asl sahifasi
With the establishment of a democratic state in Afghanistan, freedom of speech and press was included in the constitution. At the same time, the Afghan Uzbek press began in 1978 with the establishment of the “Yulduz”…
Turks in history; As a result of war, occupation and oppression, they adopted more than one alphabet. However, they adopted the religion of Islam in the 10th century and used the Arabic alphabet until the first quarter…
The number of possible word forms in agglutinative languages is theoretically unlimited. This, in turn, creates the problem of POS tagging (part-of-speech) of out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words in agglutinative lan-guages…
The article covers the issue of teaching Alisher Navoi’s epic “Farhad and Shirin” in higher educational institutions based on modern technologies. New effective methods for teaching Navoi’s works have been developed. In…
In this study, Azerbaijani, Russian and Uzbek proverbs and sayings in the form of “evvel-akhir” (samples that begin and end with the same letter) characteristic of Turkic versification are studied. It should be noted…
It is well known that in the analysis of texts it is very important to remove from the text stop words that do not change their content. The article deals with the automatic deletion of stop words for the Uzbek text…
Studies aimed at researching speech (discourse) in various aspects have paved the way for the emergence of various branches of sci-ence. The processes of speech, from transmission to communication, to processing and…
In the countries of the Muslim East in the Middle Ages, the art of a manuscript book developed particularly. The creation of the manuscript, which requires valuable materials, painstaking and coordinated work of many…
Communication is a unique and important process, and this issue is interesting and relevant from the point of view of many areas, such as linguistics, psychology, social science, and political science. Especially in…
This article discusses the semantic relations between groups and lexemes in the system of diplomatic terms of the Uzbek language in order to further complement and improve the results achieved in Uzbek linguis-tics. The…