The presence of commensal bacteria in the gingival sulcus and dental biofilm causes gingival inflammation,which represents a normal physiological response. The two main chronic infectious oral diseases responsible for themajority of human tooth loss are periodontal disease and dental caries. Periodontal diseases comprise a group of disordersaffecting the gingiva, cementum, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament that support the teeth. They are mostcommonly caused by chronic inflammation and infection induced by pathogenic microorganisms such as Fusobacteriumnucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella intermedia.Gingivitis is a reversible, non-destructive condition that does not lead to the loss of periodontal tissues. It is characterizedby inflammation of the soft tissues without apical migration of the junctional epithelium. Periodontitis, in contrast, is aninfection of the periodontium accompanied by apical migration of the junctional epithelium, resulting in the destruction ofconnective tissue attachment and loss of the alveolar bone supporting the teeth. Gingivitis and periodontitis are generallyregarded as stages within the same disease continuum.Oral epidemiological examinations provide the basis for assessing a population’s oral health status and treatment needs.Policy planning and the allocation of financial and human resources for the treatment and prevention of periodontal diseasesbenefit from the analysis of global prevalence data. However, the exact prevalence remains unclear across countrieswith different economic levels and among various age groups. This review article presents data on the prevalence ofperiodontal diseases and the role of risk factors in their onset and progression.
| Mualliflar | Nematova , Farzona, Sankulov , Jamshed |
|---|---|
| Jurnal | Мактабгача ва мактаб таълими |
| Nashr sanasi | 2026-02-02 |
| Jild | 4 |
| Son | 2 |
| Til | Ingliz |
| DOI | 10.5281/zenodo.18835431 |
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18835431 · Maqolaning asl sahifasi
gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontal diseases, prevalence.
Periodontal diseases and dental caries remain the primary infectious challenges in oral health, accounting forthe majority of global tooth loss. While gingival inflammation represents a common physiological response to…
Yashil energetika bugungi kunda global energiya inqilobining markazida turibdi va bo‘lajak energetikmuhandislarni tayyorlashda ushbu soha fanlarini o‘qitish zamonaviy ta’lim mexanizmlarini talab etadi. Ushbu…
Ushbu maqolada falsafa fanining zamonaviy bilimlar tizimidagi o‘rni, uning boshqa fanlar bilan o‘zaro ta’siriva integratsiyalashuv jarayonlari tahlil qilingan. Falsafaning metodologik baza sifatida fanlararo…
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy ta’lim tizimida matematika fanini o‘qitish jarayoniga kompyuter texnologiyalari,sun’iy intellekt elementlari va maxsus dasturiy vositalarni integratsiya qilishning nazariy hamda amaliy jihatlari…
Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy ta’lim jarayonida innovatsion pedagogik texnologiyalarni qo‘llash orqalitalabalarningkasbiy kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish masalalari ilmiy asosda tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada interfaol…
Ushbu maqola pedagogika fanining mohiyati, vazifalari, ta’lim va tarbiya jarayonlari, pedagogik metod vayondashuvlar, shuningdek motivatsiya, individual yondashuv va innovatsion texnologiyalarning ahamiyati haqida…
Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida liderlik kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishning pedagogikasoslari yoritilgan. Kichik maktab yoshidagi bolalarda liderlik fazilatlarini shakllantirishga xizmat qiluvchi…
Ushbu maqolada matematika darslarida interfaol ta’lim metodlarini qo‘llashning nazariy va amaliy ahamiyatitahlil qilingan. An’anaviy ta’lim usullarining cheklovlari ko‘rsatilib, “miya hujumi”, “kichik guruhlarda…
Ushbu maqolada yangi boshlang‘ich sinf matematika darsliklarida berilgan harakatga oid masalalarniyechish jarayonida jadvallardan foydalanishning o‘rni hamda darsliklarda keltirilgan ayrim harakatga oid…
Ushbu maqola pedagogik jarayonda innovatsion texnologiyalarning roli va samaradorligini tahlil qiladi.Innovatsion pedagogik yondashuvlar o‘quvchilarning bilim olish, tanqidiy fikrlash va ijodiy qobiliyatlarini…