Genetic polymorphisms, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), play an important role in determining individual susceptibility to disease, clinical progression, and treatment outcomes. This review summarizes current evidence on the sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic efficacy of examined polymorphisms in patient groups carrying risk-increasing alleles. The literature indicates that while many polymorphisms show statistically significant associations with disease risk and prognosis, their individual diagnostic performance is often limited due to modest effect sizes and population heterogeneity. Variations in genetic background, environmental factors, and study design further influence the predictive value of specific alleles. Recent approaches focusing on the combined analysis of multiple polymorphisms, including polygenic risk scores, demonstrate improved sensitivity and specificity compared with single-marker analyses. Integration of genetic data with clinical and demographic variables appears essential for enhancing prognostic accuracy. Overall, the findings highlight both the potential and the limitations of genetic polymorphisms as prognostic biomarkers and underscore the need for large, population-specific studies to support their application in personalized medicine.
| Mualliflar | Boymuradov Sh.A., Kurbanov Y.Kh., Narmurotov B.K., Djurayev J.A. |
|---|---|
| Jurnal | Гуманитар ва табиий фанлар журнали |
| Nashr sanasi | 2026-03-14 |
| Son | 31 |
| Betlar | 61-64 |
| Til | Rus |
genetic polymorphisms; sensitivity and specificity; prognostic efficacy; risk-increasing alleles; polygenic risk assessment.
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