Thermal activation of tebinbulak titanomagnetite ore as a low-cost magnetic sorbent precursor: temperature–time dependence of specific surface area, crystallite growth and phase stability

Ergashevich, Ergashev Muhsinjon, Mehriqulovich, Shodiqulov Jurabek, Alouddinovich , Doniyorov Kamoliddin

Innovative Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology · 2026-yil

Annotatsiya

Natural titanomagnetite can serve as a precursor of magnetically recoverable iron-oxide sorbents, provided that its low initial surface area (≈4–7 m² g⁻¹) is developed without destroying the magnetite phase. Here the thermal activation of titanomagnetite ore from the Tebinbulak deposit (Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan) was mapped over a full 6 × 5 factorial grid of temperature (500–1000 °C) and holding time (0.5–2.5 h), and the response of BET surface area, crystallite size, external surface and pore volume was described with empirical models. Surface area obeyed SBET = −83.1 + 15.8 ln T + 3.60 ln t (R² = 0.976), with first-order time saturation (τ = 0.31–0.45 h) and a limiting value S∞ that grows from 17.2 to 27.8 m² g⁻¹ between 500 and 1000 °C. Crystallite size followed a power law d ∝ T1.31 t0.12 (R² = 0.992), i.e. coarsening is governed by temperature far more than by time. The surface gained per nanometre of crystallite growth (ΔS/Δd) dropped eightfold, from 0.42 to 0.05 m² g⁻¹ nm⁻¹, across the 500–1000 °C range, with the steepest fall above 700 °C, where the maghemite-to-hematite transformation of magnetite is known to accelerate. Combining these trends, 700 °C for 2.0 h is identified as the upper practical limit of activation: it provides 84 % of the thermally attainable surface (23.67 m² g⁻¹, external 18.80 m² g⁻¹, pore volume 0.120 cm³ g⁻¹) at a crystallite size of 64.86 nm, with the product still predominantly in the spinel phase. The models provide design equations for a sorbent intended for removing Mo, Se, U, As and V oxyanions from saline drainage water.

Maqola ma’lumotlari
MualliflarErgashevich, Ergashev Muhsinjon, Mehriqulovich, Shodiqulov Jurabek, Alouddinovich , Doniyorov Kamoliddin
JurnalInnovative Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology
NashriyotТДТУ Қўқон филиали
ISSN2995-486X
Nashr sanasi2026-10-28
Jild4
Son10
Betlar203-212
TilIngliz
DOI10.51699/gdxn4e26
Indeksga qo‘shilgan2026-10-28

DOI: 10.51699/gdxn4e26 · Maqolaning asl sahifasi

Kalit so‘zlar

titanomagnetite, thermal activation, BET surface area, grain growth, magnetite oxidation, empirical model, magnetic sorbent, Tebinbulak

Iqtibos keltirish

APAErgashevich, Ergashev Muhsinjon, Mehriqulovich, Shodiqulov Jurabek, & Alouddinovich , Doniyorov Kamoliddin (2026). THERMAL ACTIVATION OF TEBINBULAK TITANOMAGNETITE ORE AS A LOW-COST MAGNETIC SORBENT PRECURSOR: TEMPERATURE–TIME DEPENDENCE OF SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA, CRYSTALLITE GROWTH AND PHASE STABILITY. Innovative Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology, 4(10), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.51699/gdxn4e26
GOST (OAK)Ergashevich, Ergashev Muhsinjon, Mehriqulovich, Shodiqulov Jurabek, Alouddinovich , Doniyorov Kamoliddin THERMAL ACTIVATION OF TEBINBULAK TITANOMAGNETITE ORE AS A LOW-COST MAGNETIC SORBENT PRECURSOR: TEMPERATURE–TIME DEPENDENCE OF SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA, CRYSTALLITE GROWTH AND PHASE STABILITY // Innovative Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology. – 2026. – T. 4, № 10. – P. 203-212. – DOI: 10.51699/gdxn4e26.
MLAErgashevich, Ergashev Muhsinjon, Mehriqulovich, Shodiqulov Jurabek, and Alouddinovich , Doniyorov Kamoliddin. “THERMAL ACTIVATION OF TEBINBULAK TITANOMAGNETITE ORE AS A LOW-COST MAGNETIC SORBENT PRECURSOR: TEMPERATURE–TIME DEPENDENCE OF SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA, CRYSTALLITE GROWTH AND PHASE STABILITY.” Innovative Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology, 4(10), 203-212, 2026. https://doi.org/10.51699/gdxn4e26
ChicagoErgashevich, Ergashev Muhsinjon, Mehriqulovich, Shodiqulov Jurabek, and Alouddinovich , Doniyorov Kamoliddin. “THERMAL ACTIVATION OF TEBINBULAK TITANOMAGNETITE ORE AS A LOW-COST MAGNETIC SORBENT PRECURSOR: TEMPERATURE–TIME DEPENDENCE OF SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA, CRYSTALLITE GROWTH AND PHASE STABILITY.” Innovative Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology, 4(10), 203-212 (2026). https://doi.org/10.51699/gdxn4e26
HarvardErgashevich, Ergashev Muhsinjon, Mehriqulovich, Shodiqulov Jurabek, and Alouddinovich , Doniyorov Kamoliddin (2026) ‘THERMAL ACTIVATION OF TEBINBULAK TITANOMAGNETITE ORE AS A LOW-COST MAGNETIC SORBENT PRECURSOR: TEMPERATURE–TIME DEPENDENCE OF SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA, CRYSTALLITE GROWTH AND PHASE STABILITY’, Innovative Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology, 4(10), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.51699/gdxn4e26
BibTeX
@article{ergashevichergashevmuhsinjon2026,
  title = {THERMAL ACTIVATION OF TEBINBULAK TITANOMAGNETITE ORE AS A LOW-COST MAGNETIC SORBENT PRECURSOR: TEMPERATURE–TIME DEPENDENCE OF SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA, CRYSTALLITE GROWTH AND PHASE STABILITY},
  author = {Ergashevich, Ergashev Muhsinjon and Mehriqulovich, Shodiqulov Jurabek and Alouddinovich , Doniyorov Kamoliddin},
  journal = {Innovative Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {4},
  number = {10},
  pages = {203-212},
  doi = {10.51699/gdxn4e26},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.51699/gdxn4e26}
}

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