The “Missing middle” problem in social protection systems and mechanisms for addressing IT

Bafoev, Farrukh

Innovation science and technologiy · 2026-yil

Annotatsiya

This article examines the “missing middle” problem in social protection systems and its implications forexpanding social protection coverage. The study is based on conceptual frameworks and statistical data developedby international organizations, including the International Labour Organization, the World Bank, and the InternationalSocial Security Association. The findings indicate that a significant share of the population, particularly those engagedin informal employment, self-employed individuals, and workers with unstable labour relations, remain insufficientlycovered by social protection systems. This gap reduces the effectiveness of social policies and increases socio-economicvulnerability among these groups. Based on international experience, the article proposes policy recommendationsaimed at expanding social protection coverage, integrating informal workers into social insurance systems, and improvinginstitutional mechanisms of social protection.

Maqola ma’lumotlari
MualliflarBafoev, Farrukh
JurnalInnovation science and technologiy
NashriyotТошкент давлат иқтисодиёт университети
Nashr sanasi2026-03-01
Jild2
Son3
TilIngliz
Ilmiy sohaIqtisodiyot
DOI10.5281/zenodo.18935789
Indeksga qo‘shilgan2026-08-26

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18935789 · Maqolaning asl sahifasi

Kalit so‘zlar

social protection, social protection coverage, missing middle, informal sector, social insurance, social policy, social inequality, labour market, institutional mechanisms

Ilmiy soha

Iqtisodiyot

Iqtibos keltirish

APABafoev, Farrukh (2026). THE “MISSING MIDDLE” PROBLEM IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND MECHANISMS FOR ADDRESSING IT. Innovation science and technologiy, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18935789
GOST (OAK)Bafoev, Farrukh THE “MISSING MIDDLE” PROBLEM IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND MECHANISMS FOR ADDRESSING IT // Innovation science and technologiy. – 2026. – T. 2, № 3. – DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18935789.
MLABafoev, Farrukh. “THE “MISSING MIDDLE” PROBLEM IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND MECHANISMS FOR ADDRESSING IT.” Innovation science and technologiy, 2(3), 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18935789
ChicagoBafoev, Farrukh. “THE “MISSING MIDDLE” PROBLEM IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND MECHANISMS FOR ADDRESSING IT.” Innovation science and technologiy, 2(3) (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18935789
HarvardBafoev, Farrukh (2026) ‘THE “MISSING MIDDLE” PROBLEM IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND MECHANISMS FOR ADDRESSING IT’, Innovation science and technologiy, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18935789
BibTeX
@article{bafoevfarrukh2026,
  title = {THE “MISSING MIDDLE” PROBLEM IN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND MECHANISMS FOR ADDRESSING IT},
  author = {Bafoev, Farrukh},
  journal = {Innovation science and technologiy},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18935789},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18935789}
}

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