This paper examines the theoretical foundations of social protection and assesses the extent to which social protection systemscontribute to sustainable economic development, using Uzbekistan as a case study. Social protection is generally divided into threemain components: social insurance, social assistance, and social services. Each component addresses specific social and economic risksand, together, contributes to household income security. The paper reviews the economic role of these instruments through welfarestate theory and the capability approach and analyses developments in Uzbekistan since the reform programme began in 2017. Officialstatistics indicate that the national poverty rate declined from 17.0 percent in 2021 to 8.9 percent in 2024, while real GDP grew byapproximately 6 percent annually over the same period. World Bank estimates suggest that, without social benefits, the poverty rate in2024 would have been 9.5 percent rather than 8.9 percent, indicating that social transfers reduced poverty by approximately 0.6 percentagepoints. At the same time, a significant share of household income growth coincided with a substantial increase in remittanceinflows, which rose from about 13 percent of GDP in 2021 to approximately 21 percent in 2022. Income inequality also increasedduring 2022–2023, limiting the poverty-reducing effect of economic growth. The paper concludes that social protection in Uzbekistanhas primarily performed a stabilising and protective function, while its importance increases in the context of volatile external incomesources and unequal distribution of economic gains.
| Mualliflar | Abduzoirov , Mukhiddin, Abdulloev , Amrullo, Qudratov, Inomjon |
|---|---|
| Jurnal | Муҳандислик ва Иқтисодиёт |
| Nashr sanasi | 2026-03-30 |
| Jild | 4 |
| Son | 3 |
| Betlar | 293-298 |
| Til | Ingliz |
social protection, sustainable development, welfare state, poverty reduction, human capital, Uzbekistan
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