International AI governance is often described as fragmented, with no binding treaty and only a patchwork of soft-law rules. I think this is only part of the picture. While fragmentation exists, it actually covers up three competing strategies of power. The European Union relies on regulatory export, using its AI Act and the market influence called the “Brussels Effect.” The United States has changed course in recent years and now uses a technology-stack approach, sending hardware, software, and data infrastructure abroad through the 2025 American AI Exports Program before finishing its own domestic policy. China combines bilateral infrastructure investment with UN-led capacity building and a strong focus on AI literacy at home, making its international offering more credible. There is also a fourth force: a group of top scientists and civil society leaders pushing for a binding treaty to limit all three state strategies, known as the 2025 Global Call for AI Red Lines. Existing theories of normative power, which focus on single actors, do not explain this kind of multi-directional competition. I present a framework that does so, and I examine what this means for the legal power of developing states.
| Mualliflar | Lolakhon Jabbarova |
|---|---|
| Jurnal | Xalqaro munosabatlar |
| Nashriyot | Жаҳон иқтисодиёти ва дипломатия университети |
| ISSN | 2181-1113 |
| Nashr sanasi | 2026-01-01 |
| Jild | 3 |
| Son | 117 |
| Til | Ingliz |
| DOI | 10.63407/738881 |
| Indeksga qo‘shilgan | 2026-09-02 |
DOI: 10.63407/738881 · Maqolaning asl sahifasi
| APA | Lolakhon Jabbarova (2026). THREE MODELS OF POWER IN GLOBAL AI GOVERNANCE. Xalqaro munosabatlar, 3(117). https://doi.org/10.63407/738881 |
|---|---|
| GOST (OAK) | Lolakhon Jabbarova THREE MODELS OF POWER IN GLOBAL AI GOVERNANCE // Xalqaro munosabatlar. – 2026. – T. 3, № 117. – DOI: 10.63407/738881. |
| MLA | Lolakhon Jabbarova. “THREE MODELS OF POWER IN GLOBAL AI GOVERNANCE.” Xalqaro munosabatlar, 3(117), 2026. https://doi.org/10.63407/738881 |
| Chicago | Lolakhon Jabbarova. “THREE MODELS OF POWER IN GLOBAL AI GOVERNANCE.” Xalqaro munosabatlar, 3(117) (2026). https://doi.org/10.63407/738881 |
| Harvard | Lolakhon Jabbarova (2026) ‘THREE MODELS OF POWER IN GLOBAL AI GOVERNANCE’, Xalqaro munosabatlar, 3(117). https://doi.org/10.63407/738881 |
| BibTeX | @article{lolakhonjabbarova2026,
title = {THREE MODELS OF POWER IN GLOBAL AI GOVERNANCE},
author = {Lolakhon Jabbarova},
journal = {Xalqaro munosabatlar},
year = {2026},
volume = {3},
number = {117},
doi = {10.63407/738881},
url = {https://doi.org/10.63407/738881}
} |
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