International trade between integration and isolation: innovation and uncertainty in a fragmenting global economy

Zakhidov , Azizbek

Яшил иқтисодиёт ва тараққиёт · 2025-yil

Annotatsiya

This article examines how international trade is simultaneously shaped by integration and fragmentation,analysing the dual impact of regional trade agreements and rising geopolitical conflicts. The study explores how RTAs,FTAs, and modern partnership frameworks expand market access and facilitate technology transfer, while sanctions, tariffdisputes, and export restrictions generate new layers of uncertainty. The topic is relevant amid weakening multilateralinstitutions and growing global economic volatility. The methodology is based on comparative case analysis, review ofinternational reports, and synthesis of global trade practices. Findings show that both cooperation and economic pressurecan stimulate innovation either through cross-border collaboration or forced domestic technological development. Theauthor concludes that resilience and adaptive policy frameworks are becoming essential for countries navigating today'suncertain trade environment. The novelty lies in linking integration processes and geopolitical pressures to innovationoutcomes, highlighting implications for developing regions such as Central Asia

Maqola ma’lumotlari
MualliflarZakhidov , Azizbek
JurnalЯшил иқтисодиёт ва тараққиёт
NashriyotТошкент давлат иқтисодиёт университети
ISSN2992-8982
Nashr sanasi2025-12-01
Jild3
Son12
TilIngliz
Ilmiy sohaIqtisodiyot
DOI10.5281/zenodo.17914066
Indeksga qo‘shilgan2026-08-26

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17914066 · Maqolaning asl sahifasi

Kalit so‘zlar

International trade; Regional trade agreements; Trade conflicts; Economic uncertainty; Innovation; Sanctions; Geopolitical fragmentation; Technology transfer; Integration and isolation; Central Asia

Ilmiy soha

Iqtisodiyot

Iqtibos keltirish

APAZakhidov , Azizbek (2025). INTERNATIONAL TRADE BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND ISOLATION: INNOVATION AND UNCERTAINTY IN A FRAGMENTING GLOBAL ECONOMY. Яшил иқтисодиёт ва тараққиёт, 3(12). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17914066
GOST (OAK)Zakhidov , Azizbek INTERNATIONAL TRADE BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND ISOLATION: INNOVATION AND UNCERTAINTY IN A FRAGMENTING GLOBAL ECONOMY // Яшил иқтисодиёт ва тараққиёт. – 2025. – T. 3, № 12. – DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17914066.
MLAZakhidov , Azizbek. “INTERNATIONAL TRADE BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND ISOLATION: INNOVATION AND UNCERTAINTY IN A FRAGMENTING GLOBAL ECONOMY.” Яшил иқтисодиёт ва тараққиёт, 3(12), 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17914066
ChicagoZakhidov , Azizbek. “INTERNATIONAL TRADE BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND ISOLATION: INNOVATION AND UNCERTAINTY IN A FRAGMENTING GLOBAL ECONOMY.” Яшил иқтисодиёт ва тараққиёт, 3(12) (2025). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17914066
HarvardZakhidov , Azizbek (2025) ‘INTERNATIONAL TRADE BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND ISOLATION: INNOVATION AND UNCERTAINTY IN A FRAGMENTING GLOBAL ECONOMY’, Яшил иқтисодиёт ва тараққиёт, 3(12). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17914066
BibTeX
@article{zakhidovazizbek2025,
  title = {INTERNATIONAL TRADE BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND ISOLATION: INNOVATION AND UNCERTAINTY IN A FRAGMENTING GLOBAL ECONOMY},
  author = {Zakhidov , Azizbek},
  journal = {Яшил иқтисодиёт ва тараққиёт},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {3},
  number = {12},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.17914066},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17914066}
}

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